Membrane bioreactors utilizing hollow fiber membranes have gained traction as a effective technology for diverse biotechnological applications. These systems present distinct advantages such as {high{surface area-to-volume ratios, efficient mass transfer, and enhanced cell retention. This article delivers a comprehensive review of hollow fiber memb

Hollow fiber membrane bioreactors provide a versatile and efficient platform for diverse biotechnological applications. These cutting-edge systems leverage the properties of hollow fiber membranes to facilitate superior mass transfer, cellular growth, and product formation. This comprehensive review delves into the principles of hollow fiber membra